GHK-Cu: from Pickart's 1973 plasma finding to gene-expression studies

GHK is a three-amino-acid peptide (glycine-histidine-lysine) that binds copper. Loren Pickart first described it in human plasma in 1973, and it has since been studied for skin repair, collagen signaling and antioxidant effects. The main papers, all from Pickart's group: 1. Pickart (J Biomater Sci Polym Ed, 2008), on GHK and tissue remodeling. https://doi.org/10.1163/156856208784909435 2. Pickart et al. (BioMed Res Int, 2015), which maps the skin-regeneration pathways GHK appears to touch. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/648108 3. Pickart et al. (Oxid Med Cell Longev, 2012), on GHK-Cu and oxidative stress. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/324832 Worth noting: much of the broad gene-expression story comes from database analysis rather than direct experiments, and most of the human data is on skin applied products. For discussion: which of these findings have independent groups confirmed? The full write-up is in Guides: GHK-Cu Research.